Another Look at Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba may help improve memory, and could even protect against Alzheimer's.

September 1 , 2006
Researchers found significant improvement in verbal recall among a group of people with age-associated memory impairment, who took the herbal supplement ginkgo biloba for six months, when compared with a group that received a placebo.

The UCLA study used positron-emission tomography (PET) and found that for people taking ginkgo biloba, improved recall correlated with better brain function in key brain memory centres.

However, actual changes in brain metabolism, measured by PET for the first time, did not differ significantly between the study's two volunteer groups. Researchers noted that although all volunteers taking ginkgo biloba experienced better verbal recall, a larger sample size might be needed to effectively track brain metabolism results.

"Our findings suggest intriguing avenues for future study, including using PET with a larger sample to better measure and understand the impact of ginkgo biloba on brain metabolism," said Dr. Linda Ercoli, lead author of the study and an assistant clinical professor at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute.

Gingko biloba is a Chinese herb often used as a dietary supplement to treat memory loss. The UCLA study and previous controlled clinical trials on ginkgo biloba's effects on verbal recall have yielded conflicting results.

"The research also raises questions regarding the significance of supplement quality and treatment duration," said principal investigator Dr. Gary Small, a UCLA professor on aging and director of the Aging and Memory Research Center at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute. "The Food and Drug Administration does not regulate dietary supplements, and the quality of retail supplies varies widely. We used only the highest grade of ginkgo biloba in conducting our research."

To my surprise and delight I have not found this to be the case. I have found herbal products very consistent. 

Small also noted that the six-month UCLA study is one of the first to measure the effects of ginkgo biloba over a longer period of time. Most previous studies have measured the effect of the supplement over 12 weeks or less.

This is a very important point. Most people would be surprised to find out most studies are conducted in very short time frames. Normally, less than 12 weeks. 

The study examined the impact of ginkgo biloba, compared to a placebo, in 10 patients, aged 45 to 75, who did not have dementia but complained of mild age-related memory loss. Four subjects received 120 mg of ginkgo biloba twice daily, and six received a placebo or inactive substance such as a sugar pill.

Researchers used cognitive tests to measure verbal recall and PET to measure brain metabolism before and after the treatment regimen. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine regions of interest to be examined by PET.

Funding for the study was provided by Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co., the John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation, the Louis and Harold Price Foundation, the Larry L. Hillblom Foundation and the UCLA Center on Aging.

A study in France, published in the Journal of Gerontology, has revealed interesting results about the role of Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive performance appears to be maintained for longer as a result of long-term treatment with Ginkgo special extract EGb 761. There also appears to be a positive effect in preventing the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.

Very important point for us with loved ones with Down syndrome.

The primary objective of the Epidemiology of Osteoporosis (EPIDOS) study, a large-scale prospective multicentre study, was to investigate the risk factors associated with femoral neck fracture in elderly women. As numerous health-related data, including drug therapy, were recorded for the subjects over a period of 4 to 7 years, the study data bank lends itself to further analyses. The data analysis presented here investigated factors associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease.

The study enrolled a total of 7598 subjects of at least 75 years of age, 1462 of whom were in the Toulouse centre. On completion of the study, data on the cognitive status of 714 patients in the Toulouse centre were available. 414 who had no cognitive impairment at all on inclusion in the study (score of at least 8 in the Pfeiffer test) were selected from this patient group. Of these, 345 women were still cognitively unimpaired by the end of the study, 69 had developed dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Interestingly, the women who still had their full cognitive faculties had taken medications such as the Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 [another name for Ginkgo Biloba] or nootropics to stimulate blood circulation (category C4A medicines) significantly more frequently than the women who developed dementia. Additionally, the healthy women significantly more often had been taken these drugs for over 2 years or longer than the dementia patients. In contrast to the other C4A medicines, evidence of the anti-dementia effect of EGb 761 became apparent after only one year of taking this substance.

This finding is significant. It is long term use that made the most difference. So, even if you don't SEE a difference in symptoms know it may help reduce dementia in Down syndrome as well as the elderly.

The findings of this study give every reason to believe that long-term treatment with Ginkgo special extract EGb 761 enables cognitive performance to be maintained for longer, and indicate that the development of Alzheimer's disease can be prevented or at least delayed. Delayed is GOOD!

Original source:http://www.50connect.co.uk

The Facts Hurt

I saw this news report from the UK. We need to face facts and know Alzheimer's is coming. In my view, the only logical choice is to try a preemptive strike. Let's Heal the brain as much as we can before adulthood. It may not be enough but doing nothing makes me crazy. I suppose I have more fear of the future than I do of using medicine in the present.{ The video loads slowly but it is worth waiting for.}
Watch the report here

Choline Part 2

Tomorrow we will get back to the green tea extract and DYRK1 A gene because there are more issues to discuss but today let's look at one little study that showed positive results for the Down syndrome mouse.
Here is the study abstract:
Behav Neurosci. 2010 Jun;124(3):346-61.


Perinatal choline supplementation improves cognitive functioning and emotion regulation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome.
Moon J, Chen M, Gandhy SU, Strawderman M, Levitsky DA, Maclean KN, Strupp BJ.
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Abstract

In addition to mental retardation, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) also develop the neuropathological changes typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the majority of these individuals exhibit dementia. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS exhibits key features of these disorders, including early degeneration of cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neurons and impairments in functions dependent on the two CBF projection systems; namely, attention and explicit memory. Herein, we demonstrate that supplementing the maternal diet with excess choline during pregnancy and lactation dramatically improved attentional function of the adult trisomic offspring. Specifically, the adult offspring of choline-supplemented Ts65Dn dams performed significantly better than unsupplemented Ts65Dn mice on a series of 5 visual attention tasks, and in fact, on some tasks did not differ from the normosomic (2N) controls. A second area of dysfunction in the trisomic animals, heightened reactivity to committing an error, was partially normalized by the early choline supplementation. The 2N littermates also benefited from increased maternal choline intake on 1 attention task. These findings collectively suggest that perinatal choline supplementation might significantly lessen cognitive dysfunction in DS and reduce cognitive decline in related neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.


PMID: 20528079 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID: PMC2955960 [Available on 2011/6/1]

They supplemented with choline which crosses the Blood Brain Barrier (protective barrier for the brain) with a transport system. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) passes through the BBB because it  is fat soluble. I'm always thinking about making it as easy as I can for the body. So, my choice of supplementation is PC as opposed to free choline.

Could the DYRK1A gene increase Amyloid Plaques?

In the last post, we talked about the amyloid plaque and how it gunks up the works (ie. brain). Just to review, Down syndrome have 3 copies of the APP gene, which stands for amyloid precursor protein. But their is a twist to the story, "over-expression of APP alone in mice does not cause the AD-like (Alzheimer Disease - like) [endosome] pathology observed in DS patients."  So just having 3 copies of the APP gene does not create the biological disease state that is seen in Down syndrome, mice and people.

So, the next question is what else contributes to the formation of amyloid plaques and therefore, a disease state?

We are back to our friendly DYRK1A gene. Having 3 copies of DYRK1A plus 3 copies of APP creates the perfect storm that does result in the pathology seen in patients with Down syndrome. Another link in the chain.

{We need a big white board to keep track of all the connections.}

OK back to the science:

Let's look at how DYRK1A affects APP.

"DYRK1A and APP give rise to AD pathology in DS brains through

DYRK1A-mediated phosphorylation of APP." (1)

Phosphorylation means to activate or deactivate protein enzymes

"The over-expression of DYRK1A in DS brains may accelerate the development of

AD pathogenesis through phosphorylation of the Thr668 residue of APP, a

modification that may be necessary for the APP cleavage events that give rise to Aβ (amyloid beta plaque)."(1)
Let's review :

• The brain chemistry in Down syndrome is producing the toxic amyloid plaques at a higher rate than normal.
• A mouse model with only triple APP does not show the same pathology as seen in Down syndrome.
• A mouse model with only triple DYRK1A does show learning and memory deficiencies similar to Down syndrome.
• A mouse model with a triple APP and DYRK1A show the same pathology seen in human Down syndrome brains.

At the end of the study cited above, they say, "therapeutics that inhibit DYRK1A expression and/or kinase activity might suppress the early-onset of AD and mental retardation in DS patients." (1)
A few potent DYRK1A inhibitors have been described but the one that keeps popping up in these journal articles is epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), in other words, green tea extract.
We will continue this scientific avenue looking at tau protein (strucural component inside nerves) next. Review the video in previous post.

Dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A-mediated phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein: evidence for a functional link between Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease  (1)

Amyloid Plaques and APP

APP (amyloid precursor protein) is a gene which is on the 21st chromosome so in the case of Down syndrome we have 3 copies instead of 1 or 2.

"The APP gene provides instructions for making a protein called amyloid precursor protein. This protein is found in many tissues and organs, including the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Little is known about the function of amyloid precursor protein. Researchers speculate that it may bind to other proteins on the surface of cells or help cells attach to one another. Amyloid precursor protein is cut by enzymes to create smaller fragments (peptides), some of which are released outside the cell." (1)

For a great visual of how the APP is cut watch this video:
{The screen is cut off for some reason, here is the link to youtube}





Amyloid precursor protein is cut by enzymes to create smaller fragments (peptides), some of which are released outside the cell. Two of these fragments are called soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP) and amyloid beta peptide. Recent evidence suggests that sAPP has growth-promoting properties and may play a role in the formation of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain both before and after birth. Other functions of sAPP and amyloid beta peptide are under investigation.
As shown in the animation, beta secretase enzyme cuts the amyloid precursor protein in the wrong spot so that when the gamma secretase enzyme makes its usual cut the protein is now insoluble and clumps together to form plaques. The plaques continue to accumulate eventually clogging the brain and destroying neurons. No one knows exactly when amyloid plaques develop in Down syndrome just that APP gene is at a dose of 1.5 times that of normal.
"When they reach 30 or 40 years of age, individuals with Down syndrome develop amyloid plaques in their brains identical to those found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, leading to similar symptoms such as loss of nerve cells and dementia." (1)
1) Read more at Suite101: Alzheimer's Disease Linked to Down Syndrome: Amyloid Protein Causes Damage to Cells in Both Conditions http://www.suite101.com/content/alzheimers-disease-linked-to-down-syndrome-a191444#ixzz1C4Fs68os

Validation for Treatment of the Mental Challenges in Down Syndrome

The following was written by Linda Blevins, one of Changing Minds Foundation's founding members. Her son with DS is 16 and been on treatment for 5 years.

Article written by: Linda Blevins
Choline improves Cognition in Down syndrome mice models.
The Changing Minds Foundation protocol is based upon scientific research. The newest research supports the CMF science based protocol for the treatment of cognitive challenges in Down syndrome.
CMF protocol recommends the use of phosphotidyle choline (PC) rather than just plain choline. PC is more potent and is the active form the body needs. The link to the CMF web site explains more about PC. http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/documents/phosphatidyl_choline.html

A number of scientific studies have vailidated the CMF protocol which targets critical cycles that function poorly in Down syndrome. These cycles produce invaluable neurotransmitters that are needed for learning, focus, attention, memory production and growing neurons for connection and signalling. (Who doesn't think that's important???)..Though sometimes we don't appreciate the new behaviors that come from growing a brain. Yet, I love the educational progress. Jordan's current school lessons examples:

--Spelling words: several, grumble, putrid

--Vocabulary words: etiquette, obnoxious
Linda Blevins

 Science News

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/06/100603132456.htm

More Choline for Pregnant, Nursing Women Could Reduce Down Syndrome Dysfunction, Guard Against Dementia

ScienceDaily (June 4, 2010) — More choline during pregnancy and nursing could provide lasting cognitive and emotional benefits to individuals with Down syndrome and protect against neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, suggests a new Cornell study of mice.
The findings, published June 2 in Behavioral Neuroscience, could help lead to increasing the maternal dietary recommendations for choline (currently 450 milligrams a day during pregnancy, 550 milligrams for lactation), a nutrient found in egg yolks, liver, nuts and such vegetables as broccoli and cauliflower.

"We found that supplementing the maternal diet with additional choline resulted in dramatic improvements in attention and some normalization of emotion regulation in a mouse model of Down syndrome," said lead author Barbara Strupp, professor of nutritional sciences and of psychology. The researchers also found evidence for "subtle, but statistically significant, improvement in learning ability in the non-Down syndrome littermates."

In addition to mental retardation, Down syndrome individuals often experience dementia in middle age as a result of brain neuron atrophy similar to that suffered by people with Alzheimer's disease. Strupp noted that the improved mental abilities found in the Down syndrome mice following maternal choline supplements could indicate protection from such neurodegeneration "in the population at large."

Strupp and her co-authors tested Down syndrome model mice born from mothers fed a normal diet and those given choline supplements during their three-week pregnancy and three-week lactation period, as well as normal mice born from mothers with and without additional choline. The choline-supplemented mothers received approximately 4.5 times more choline (roughly comparable to levels at the higher range of human intake) than unsupplemented mothers.

At six months of age, the mice performed a series of behavioral tasks for about six months to assess their impulsivity, attention span, emotion control and other mental abilities.

In addition to dramatic improvements in attention, the researchers found that the unsupplemented Down syndrome model mice became more agitated after a mistake than normal mice, jumping repeatedly and taking longer to initiate the next trial, whereas the choline-supplemented Down syndrome model mice showed partial improvement in these areas.

"I'm impressed by the magnitude of the cognitive benefits seen in the Down syndrome model mice," Strupp said. "Moreover, these are clearly lasting cognitive improvements, seen many months after the period of choline supplementation."

Strupp noted that the results are consistent with studies by other researchers that found increased maternal choline intake improves offspring cognitive abilities in rats. However, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of maternal choline supplementation in a rodent model of Down syndrome. This is also one of the few studies that has evaluated offspring attentional function and effects in mice, rather than rats, Strupp noted.

Previous studies of humans and laboratory animals have shown that supplementing the diets of adults with choline has proven to be largely ineffective in improving cognition. "Although the precise mechanism is unknown, these lasting beneficial effects of choline observed in the present study are likely to be limited to increased intake during very early development," Strupp said.

The study, funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), was part of the dissertation of Jisook Moon, Ph.D. '06. Other Cornell collaborators included Myla Strawderman, research associate in nutritional sciences; David Levitsky, professor of nutrition and of psychology; May Chen '07 and Shruti Gandhy '07.

Strupp and collaborators have received additional NIH funding to study the neural mechanisms underlying the positive cognitive effects of perinatal choline supplementation observed in this study.

You Can See It In Their Eyes

Have you ever heard the expression "The eyes are the windows to the soul"?  Well, they may actually be the windows to the brain as well.   I read a study from Science Daily that says researchers have found a link to Alzheimer's Disease in the eyes of children with Down syndrome.  That link is actually a protein called amyloid-[beta].  It forms plaque in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and causes cataracts in the eyes of children with DS.  Can this mean that if your child with DS has cataracts that are caused by this toxic protein they might also get early onset Alzheimer's Disease?  Could be.  It's been shown that 100% of people with Down syndrome get Alzheimer's disease, and many of them get it very early in their lives. "This is because they have an extra copy of a key Alzheimer's gene that leads to increased amyloid-[beta] accumulation in the brain." says Goldstein (the lead researcher in this study).  He also said that the scientists are working to develop a scanner that would test the amount of amyloid-[beta] in the lens and therefore be able to possibly provide early detection.  You can read the study for yourself at the link below.  I have also provided another link that talks about many other eye problems that are faced by people with DS.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100520212611.htm

http://www.ndss.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=175%3Avision-and-down-syndrome&catid=60%3Aassociated-conditions&Itemid=88&limitstart=1

Cure Down Syndrome? (Part 3)

Brain Problem 2:
Loss of neurons in the hippocampus (area of the brain where memories form):
Babies with Down syndrome lose 50% of their neuronal structure by 6 months of age. This seems like an insurmountable problem. In fetuses with Down syndrome, neurons fail to show normal dendritic development, yielding a “tree in winter” appearance. This developmental failure is thought to result in cognitive impairment.

Related Articles for Problem 2:
“Tree in winter” dendritic development
http://journals.lww.com/jneuropath/Abstract/2004/07000/Trisomy_21_and_the_Brain.1.aspx
2010 Prozac (Fluoxetine) Study
http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/26/8769?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=fluoxetine+Renata+Bartesaghi&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT
2006 Prozac (Fluoxetine) Study
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/pubmed/16624293?ordinalpos=1
2010 Prozac (Fluoxetine) Study
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20592198
Additional Information about Prozac
http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/documents/prozac.html

Remedy for Brain Problem 2:
In 2006, the University of Maryland School of Medicine treated Down syndrome mice with Prozac (generic name Fluoxetine). They discovered that Prozac treatment doubled the neuron count resulting in a normal level after 24 days. This is like increasing the hardware on your computer. It allows you to run more complicated software. Prozac received FDA approval in 2003 for ages 6 years and older. It seems clinically logical that people with Down syndrome could benefit from this drug because of the loss of neurons that occurs early and on an ongoing basis. Additionally, many people with Down syndrome commonly exhibit symptoms of anxiety and OCD early in life and depression later in life. Prozac can be used to address these issues as well. Participants as young as 10 months old are using the Prozac component of the protocol. Many young participants have been using Prozac for nearly 2 years without negative side effects.

Brain Problem 3:
Early onset Alzheimer Disease/Inflammation:
How do you lower the inflammatory markers safely and for a lifetime in a syndrome that represents an Alzheimer model?
Related Articles for Problem 3:
Phosphatidyl Choline
http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/documents/phosphatidyl_choline.html
Omega 3, 6, 9 Oil
http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/documents/body_bio_balanced_oil.html
Minocycline and Ts65Dn
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15468085?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrezPubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
Inflammation Resolution and Lipids
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19630766
Remedy for Brain Problem 3:
There is tremendous evidence that Alzheimer's disease is a state of chronic inflammation, specifically neuroinflammation. Inflammation is the body's natural response to injury or assault. It begins the healing process. There is a flip side to inflammation called resolution. Resolution is an 'active' process with specific chemicals that clears and limits the inflammatory response. A recent study from Harvard identified chemicals that reduce or control the magnitude of the inflammatory response. These chemicals are called Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPM). These chemicals are derived from lipids, in other words, fatty acids – thus the importance of Body Bio Oil and Phosphatidyl Choline. You want your body to make these SPM's. SPM's include resolvins, protectins and maresins and are biosynthesized from essential omega-3 fatty acid precursors. The CMF's protocol aims to decrease inflammation by using fatty acids such as Phosphatidyl Choline (PC), Sunflower oil and Flaxseed oil. When used in the correct ratios they provide a safe, effective way to lower C-reactive protein, Interleukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor which can contribute to inflammatory processes in the brain. Phosphatidyl Choline is a phospholipid that makes up 50%of the cell membrane. The membrane is the lining of every nerve cell that carries our signals. PC is a safe and essential fatty acid that studies have shown to protect the nerves from damage. Sunflower and Flaxseed oils are known for reducing inflammation by triggering a “restoration pathway.”
Brain Problem 4:
 Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that nerve cells use to communicate. Norepinephrine has been found to be deficient in the brains of Down syndrome mice. Additionally, many children with Down syndrome have a lack of concentration and behavior problems (ADD/ADHD symptoms). According to an article by Dr. Joseph Carver, some studies suggest that children/adults (typical) with ADHD may have only
ten to twenty-five percent of Norepinephrine found in the normal brain.

Related Articles for Problem 4:
Focalin XR
http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/documents/focalin_xr.html
Stanford – Norepinephrine
http://med.stanford.edu/ism/2009/november/down-syndrome.html
Methylphenidate and Norepinephrine study
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691429
ADHD and Norepinephrine, Dr. Joseph Carver
http://www.enotalone.com/article/4121.html
Remedy for Brain Problem 4:
The benefits realized from adding a mild stimulant medication such as Focalin XR is twofold. First, stimulant medications (ADHD drugs) have been shown to enhance attention and learning. Second, ADHD drugs work on the Norepinephrine system! This type of medication is very individualized. Focalin XR works well for many people with Down syndrome. However, some individuals may have better results using a different stimulant medication.
Thoughts From Teresa Cody
“Do we wait until every detail is known? Did you know that no one knew how aspirin worked until the early 1990's? The details of biological systems are understood more today than any time before but why not use the information in real time? All of the medications in the protocol have been through clinical trials. OK, not specifically for Down syndrome but NO medication has been through clinical trials specifically for Down syndrome. For example, have you ever given your child an antibiotic? We know their immune system can be described at least, as different, if not immunodeficient. But faced with pneumonia or strep throat, the logical decision is to treat with a medication the rest of the population uses. Scientific research has shown that these medications should help correct specific problems in the brain. Problems current science indicates are present in the brains of people with Down syndrome. Some protocol participants have been using the protocol for four years now. The clinical observation of the 300 children and adults on the CMF protocol is that there is an amazing improvement of function including: verbal abilities, long term memory, working memory, gross motor and fine motor. What part of this do you not want?”
Frequently Asked Questions
1.) Is the CMF protocol the solution to all brain problems associated with Down syndrome? No – but it is a start. It is something we can do now to improve cognition as demonstrated by current protocol users.
2.) Will the CMF protocol make my child learn as well as a typically developing child? No – but it does allow most participants to learn and comprehend better than before - now.
3.) Where can I find suggested dosing information? You can find a Dose Chart at http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/documents/dose_chart.html
4.) How much does the CMF protocol cost? Ginkgo Biloba is widely available, over the counter. It is a standardized formula, so the quality is consistent from brand to brand. A quick internet search found a bottle of GB with 100 capsules for $12.99 from one company. Prozac, generic name Fluoxetine, is available by prescription only. You can get a 30 day supply at most pharmacies for about $4. The cost of prescription ADHD drugs vary – generic drugs are cheaper than name brand. The recommended Body Bio Oils are the
expensive part of the protocol: Phosphatidyl Choline – 100 softgels $62 or a 8 ounce bottle $94, Body Bio Balance Oil (Omega 3,6,9) – 180 softgels $30, 16 ounce bottle $26. Other brands of Phosphatidyl Choline and Sunflower/Flaxseed oils are widely available online and in health food stores.
5.) How do I find more information about starting the protocol? Read the links attached to this paper. They include a wealth of information and will answer many of your questions. You can also order the documentary film and see participants as they are followed while on the protocol (available at  http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/ ).
6.) How long does the protocol work? Do the kids plateau after being on it for a period of time? According to the CMF, the kids who have been on the protocol the longest are still advancing and learning new things all the time. Just like any medicine, the dosage of these medications have to be rebalanced with time and growth. Be sure to click on “Success Stories” on the CMF's web page for further information.
7.) How do I present this information to my doctor? You can take a copy of this article along with printed copies of the referenced articles linked throughout. Organize the information in a folder and leave it for your doctor to review. Schedule a follow up appointment to discuss after he/she has had time to read the information.
8.) More questions? Contact the Changing Minds Foundation at
changingmindsfoundation@gmail.com

Research Needs Funding –

You Can Help – NOW

We, as individuals, must take it upon ourselves to financially support cognitive research like that being done by Dr. Craig Garner at Stanford's Down Syndrome Research Center. If families do not find cognitive research in Down syndrome a worthy charitable cause, then who else will?
The Changing Minds Foundation currently has two opportunities for you to help fund research to improve cognition in people with Down syndrome. The first is a campaign called,
“Spare Change for Changing Minds.” You can read more about it and learn how to receive your cans for spare change on CMF's home page – click on 'We Can'
The second opportunity is to enter CMF's Ball Drop Contest. Purchase as many numbered golf balls as you want for $25 each. Every ball will give you a chance at a trip to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico!! On October 28th, at Wildcat Golf Club in Houston, all balls will be dropped from a helicopter hovering over the driving range. The first ball to land in the hole (or closest to the pin) wins the trip. The ball drop is limited to 2000 balls. Go to Golf Tournament and Ball Drop
Ask friends and family to support cognitive research by purchasing golf balls.
For Additional Information Please See the Following Websites
Changing Minds Foundation http://www.changingmindsfoundation.org/
Changing Minds Foundation's blog by Teresa Cody
http://www.changingmindsaboutdownsyndrome.blogspot.com/
Join Changing Minds Foundation on Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Changing-Minds-Foundation-Treatment-and-Research-for-Down-syndrome/101325513376?ref=ts
Join Changing Minds Foundation's NING site where parents discuss the protocol and their children
http://changingmindsfoundation.ning.com/main/authorization/signUp
Stanford's Down Syndrome Research Center
 http://garnerlab.stanford.edu/
http://dsresearch.stanford.edu/research/
Join Stanford Down Syndrome Research on Facebook – keep updated with their blog
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Stanford-Down-Syndrome-Research-Center/378357949509?ref=ts

Benefits of Curcumin for Down syndrome

I finally had a chance to research curcumin and I am delightfully surprised. It has some properties similar to prozac but it has even more. One research study I found looked at curcumin using what is called an 'unpredictable stress model'.  This is when the researchers stress the mice in random, unpredictable ways. They have found this to be the most stressful on the mice.  If stress is consistent and/or predictable, it is not as hard on the body or brain.



Curcumin did increase neurogenesis by increasing serotonin and BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor). But it did something more that I think may be the biggest help to Down syndrome.


Curcumin is an anti-inflammatory as well as an antioxidant, but that is not the most intriguing part of the research. Lots of herbs and vitamins are anti-inflammatory or have antioxidant properties.


The most intriguing part is the idea that curcumin is structurally capable of binding to amyloid plaques and breaking up the aggregation of them. Curcumin literally sticks itself to the junk (amyloid plaque) and breaks up the group of them stuck together.


This group of junk clogs up the brain and stops it from working.


Down syndrome has a triplicate copy of the APP gene. Amyloid precursor protein gene. This is the gene associated with Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease, brain researchers find the brains full of plaques and tangles. The plaques are called amyloid plaques.


Now, the big drawback I see to curcumin is getting it into the brain. It doesn't cross the BBB (blood brain barrier) easily. But, one brand, Longvida Curcumin, came up with an intriguing solution. They combined curcumin with lecithin. What does that do, you ask? Well, lecithin is phosphatidyl choline, a fat that will cross the BBB. Brilliant!!!



I think curcumin is a fantastic addition for the health of the Down syndrome brain (and probably everyone would benefit).